Calcium hydroxide, traditionally called slaked lime,
is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Ca(OH)2. It is a colorless crystal
or white powder and is obtained when calcium oxide (called lime or quicklime) is
mixed, or "slaked" with water.
It has many names including hydrated lime, builders'
lime, slack lime, cal, or pickling lime. Calcium hydroxide is used in many applications,
including food preparation. Limewater is the common name for a saturated solution
of calcium hydroxide.
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When heated to 512 °C, the partial pressure of water
in equilibrium with calcium hydroxide reaches 101 kPa, which decomposes calcium
hydroxide into calcium oxide and water.
Ca(OH)2 → CaO + H2O
A suspension of fine calcium hydroxide particles in
water is called milk of lime. The solution is called limewater and is a medium strength
base that reacts with acids and attacks many metals. Limewater turns milky in the
presence of carbon dioxide due to formation of calcium carbonate, a process called
carbonatation:
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 → CaCO3 + H2O